Investigating IL27 and IL1-Beta Levels in Graves' and Hashimoto's
Ali Razzaq Hussein, Khamael Arif Mahdi Al-challabi, Wurood Kadhim Abed,
Haider Ali Mahdi, Anwer Najih Al-Hatimy
The prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), one of the most prevalent organ-specific autoimmune disorders, varies by gender and affects 2-5% of the population (i.e., women are affected at a rate of 5-15% and men at 1-5%). AITD includes diseases like Hashimoto Thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' Disease (GD), among others. For hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, respectively, the main causes are HT and GD. We suggest that GD and HT patients will have higher levels of IL-27 and IL-1β than those without these illnesses, suggesting their role in the inflammation linked to autoimmune thyroid disorders. 150 participants in total 50 with Graves' Disease (GD), 50 with Hashimoto Thyroiditis (HT), and 50 control subjects all between the ages of 20 and 60 were progressively enrolled in this study at Al-Sader Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf between August 2023 and March 2024. The research populations' serum concentrations of IL27 and IL1β were measured through the utilization of an ELISA kit obtained from MyBioSource (USA). Every subject also had their levels of T3, T4, TSH, TR.Ab, TPO.Ab, and TG.Ab measured. The Chi-square test was used to compare the frequencies of categorical variables in patients and controls. The F test (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean values of age, BMI, T3, T4, TSH, TR Ab, TPO, TG, IL27, and IL1β parameters across patients with Graves' disease (GD), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and the control group. According to the current study, patients with Graves' disease (GD) had higher levels of T3 and T4 than the control group, patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and both. On the other hand, there were statistically significant differences (P=0.001) in the TSH level between the HT and control groups and the GD group. Additionally, there were notable differences in the levels of autoantibodies directed against the thyroid gland, with GD patients having considerably greater levels of TR, TPO, and anti-TG than HT patients and the control group (P=0.001). Furthermore, GD and HT patients showed significantly higher levels of IL27 and IL1β than the control group (P=0.001). Comparing patients with Graves' Disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) to healthy controls, our study found that these patients had significantly higher levels of two important cytokines, IL-27 and IL-1β. These results highlight the role that inflammatory processes and immunological dysregulation play in the etiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Keywords: IL-27, IL-1β, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Autoantibody
