Molecular Lipid Profile, Oxidative Stress and Histological Changes in Relation to the Placenta In Mothers With Gestational SARS-COV-2
Rafaah J. Al -Dahwi, Denitza G. Kostadinova, Mariya A. Angelova,
Galina D. Nikolova, Yanka D. Karamalakova
The COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) outbreak has presented numerous threats to maternal and foetal health with gestational SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection concerning different maternal complications. The effect of this viral infection on maternal lipid profiles, oxidative stress in the placenta, and histopathological changes has not been well elucidated, hence the need for further research on it to establish useful data that could help clinicians manage pregnancies affected by this virus. This review aims to discuss the overall effects of gestational SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection regarding maternal lipid profiles, oxidative stress in the placenta tissue, and histopathologic alterations. Thus, based on the literature review, the aim is to understand the processes that contribute to these effects and find ways to treat negative outcomes of pregnancy caused by Coronavirus disease 2019. It testified the possible adverse effects of gestational Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection, including alteration in the mother's lipid profile, oxidative stress in the placenta and histopathological changes in the affected placenta. A systematic literature review was performed using electronic databases to select the relevant literature. In light of this, the review discusses how gestational Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection affects the lipid profile showing high total cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol in the maternal system. In addition, chorionic villi oxidative stress reduces the placental function and results in poor perinatal outcomes including preterm birth and foetal growth limitation. The pregnant coronavirus positive patient’s placenta also revealed histopathological changes such as intervillous hematomas and chronic villitis which might suggest that nutrient and oxygen supply to the foetus are interfered with. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been linked with changes in maternal lipid profile, oxidative stress in the placenta and histopathological change that affect pregnancy outcomes. Tackling dyslipidaemia, placental inflammation and histopathological changes could reduce adverse maternal and foetal prognosis among this group. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms driving these phenomena and develop effective therapeutic strategies tailored to pregnant women with Coronavirus disease 2019.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Lipid Profile, Pregnancy, Oxidative Stress, Coronavirus disease 2019
